Simulation of recognition method of damaged parts of high-intensity sports injury images / Simulação do método de reconhecimento de partes danificadas em imagens de lesões esportivas de alta intensidade / Simulación del método de reconocimiento de partes dañadas en imágenes de lesiones deportivas de alta intensidad

ABSTRACT Introduction: When athletes are performing sports training, many movements are of high intensity, and that training is repetitive, resulting in wear and tear on some injured parts. Objective: Sports athletes can damage parts of the body in high - intensity exercise. During the processing, it is necessary to identify and analyze the damaged parts in the image. However, the current relevant methods have low accuracy and different problems of efficiency and quality. Methods: In this paper, a Fish Swarm Algorithm is proposed to identify high-intensity motion damage images. According to the combination of adaptive threshold and mathematical morphology, the contour of the damaged part of the image is extracted. Results: The above-mentioned method can improve the accuracy of identifying damaged parts of sports injury images, shorten the recognition time, and has certain feasibility in determining sports injury parts. Conclusions: This method can be widely used in high-intensity sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeuticstudies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Quando os atletas estão realizando treinamento esportivo, muitos movimentos são de alta intensidade, e esse treinamento é repetitivo, resultando em desgaste de algumas partes lesionadas. Objetivo: Os atletas podem danificar partes do corpo em exercícios de alta intensidade. Durante o processamento, é necessário identificar e analisar as partes danificadas da imagem. No entanto, os métodos atuais relevantes têm baixa precisão e problemas de eficiência e qualidade diferentes. Métodos: Neste artigo, um algoritmo Fish Swarm é proposto para identificar imagens danificadas por movimento de alta intensidade. Com base na combinação de limiar adaptativo e morfologia matemática, o contorno da parte danificada da imagem é extraído. Resultados: O método acima mencionado pode melhorar a precisão da identificação das partes danificadas das imagens de lesões esportivas, encurtar o tempo de reconhecimento e tem alguma viabilidade para determinar as partes das lesões esportivas. Conclusões: este método pode ser amplamente utilizado em lesões esportivas de alta intensidade. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Cuando los deportistas realizan entrenamientos deportivos, muchos movimientos son de alta intensidad, y ese entrenamiento es repetitivo, lo que genera desgaste en algunas partes lesionadas. Objetivo: Los deportistas pueden dañar partes del cuerpo en el ejercicio de alta intensidad. Durante el procesamiento, es necesario identificar y analizar las partes dañadas en la imagen. Sin embargo, los métodos relevantes actuales tienen baja precisión y diferentes problemas de eficiencia y calidad. Métodos: En este artículo, se propone un algoritmo Fish Swarm para identificar imágenes de daño por movimiento de alta intensidad. Según la combinación de umbral adaptativo y morfología matemática, se extrae el contorno de la parte dañada de la imagen. Resultados: el método mencionado anteriormente puede mejorar la precisión de la identificación de las partes dañadas de las imágenes de lesiones deportivas, acortar el tiempo de reconocimiento y tiene cierta viabilidad para determinar las partes de las lesiones deportivas. Conclusiones: este método puede ser ampliamente utilizado en lesiones deportivas de alta intensidad. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Mechanism of intermittent and persistent noise exposure-induced anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of intermittent and persistent noise exposure-induced anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats. METHODS: The specific pathogen free male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, four times/day intermittent noise exposure group, two times/day intermittent noise exposure group and persistent noise exposure group, with 15 rats in each group. The rats in the control group were housed in natural environment(background noise ≤50 dB), and the rats in other three exposure groups were exposed to noise with intensity of(95±2) dB of 20 to 20 000 Hz noise for four hours per day for 14 days; rats in the four times/day intermittent noise exposure group entered a five-hour quiet period every one hours of noise exposure, four times/day; rats in the two times/day intermittent noise exposure group entered a 10-hour quiet period every two hours of noise exposure, two times/day; rats in the persistent noise exposure group entered a 20-hour quiet period every four hours of noise exposure. After exposure, anxiety like behavior was evaluated by open field test and elevated cross maze test. The depression like behavior was evaluated by sugar preference test and forced swimming test. The pathological changes of neurons in the hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and the ultrastructural changes of hippocampal tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope. Chemiluminescence and colorimetry were used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde, glutathione(GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD). RESULTS: In the behavioral experiment, the percentage of exercise time in the central area decreased in the three noise exposure groups(all P<0.01). The exercise distance in the central area and sugar preference index decreased in the persistent noise exposure group(both P<0.01). The percentage of open arm exercise time and open arm exercise distance decreased in the two times/day intermittent noise exposure group and persistent noise exposure group compared with the control group(all P<0.01). The open arm distance of rats in the persistent noise exposure group were lower than those in the four times/day intermittent noise exposure group(P<0.05), while the immobility time was longer than in control group and the four times/day intermittent noise exposure group(both P<0.05). The HE staining showed that the neuronal spacing in CA1 area of the hippocampus of rats was significantly widened, and the pyramidal cells showed degeneration and necrosis in the persistent noise exposure group. There was no obvious necrosis found in the neurons of the other three groups. The ultrastructure of neurons showed that most mitochondria of cells in the hippocampus of rats in the two times/day intermittent noise exposure group were swollen. In the persistent noise exposure group, some neurons of the hippocampus of rats were necrotic, the cell membrane was discontinuous, the mitochondria were swollen, and the cristae were broken, dissolved or even disappeared. The mitochondrial structure of the hippocampus of rats in the other two groups was normal. The activity of SOD in the hippocampus of rats decreased in the four times/day intermittent noise exposure group(P<0.05), and the activity of SOD and the level of GSH in the hippocampus of rats decreased in the two times/day intermittent noise exposure group(both P<0.05), compared with the control group. The level of ROS and malondialdehyde in the hippocampus of rats in the persistent noise exposure group increased(all P<0.05), while the SOD activity and GSH level decreased(all P<0.05), compared with the other three groups. CONCLUSION: Intermittent noise exposure causes less anxiety and depression-like changes in rats than persistent noise exposure. Noise may cause anxiety and depression in rats through oxidative stress pathways.

Changes in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios before and after percutaneous coronary intervention and their impact on the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to prospectively observe the changes in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and their impact on the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Blood samples from 205 patients with ACS were collected at admission and at 24h and 30 days post-PCI to observe changes in the complete blood count. The Cox multivariate regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after PCI in patients with ACS. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of inflammation indicators for MACE after PCI. RESULTS: Following PCI, NLR and PLR first increased postoperatively and then decreased within 30 days after PCI. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that NLR and PLR at 24h post-PCI and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were independent influencing factors for the incidence of MACE after PCI. The ROC curve analysis showed that the NLR at 24h post-PCI was a better predictor of the incidence of MACE. The NLR at 24h post-PCI was significantly correlated with the number and length of implanted stents and operation duration. CONCLUSIONS: After PCI, patients with ACS had an increased neutrophil proportion and NLR. The NLR at 24h post-PCI was a better predictor of the incidence of postoperative MACE.

Improvement for the construction of renal interstitial fibrosis model with unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a traditional surgical method that can cause renal interstitial fibrosis in rats in a short period of time (1-2 weeks), but it can develop many postoperative complications and result in a high mortality. OBJECTIVE: To optimize and improve the UUO operation in rats for reducing the incidence of postoperative complications and improving the survival rate of animals, and to detect the pathophysiological indicators of rats modeled by UUO, providing background data for the basic research on functional pharmacology. METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, followed by traditional UUO ligation, improved UUO ligation, undissociated ureteral ligation, and opening the abdominal cavity with no ureter ligation (sham group), respectively. At 14 days postoperatively, the successful rate of renal interstitial fibrosis model, mortality rate, and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared between groups. Another 28 Sprague-Dawley rats, half male and half female, were randomly divided into improved UUO group and control group. Physiological indexes, including urine analysis, blood cells analysis, blood biochemical analysis, were tested as background information. Besides, the pathological changes of kidney tissues were compared between groups using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining at 14 and 21 days postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the undissociated ureteral ligation group, the successful rate of modeling was higher in the traditional and improved UUO groups. The improved UUO surgery with double ligation of the middle ureter and no cutting of the middle ureter was characterized by easier operation, smaller surgical wound, faster modeling and higher successful rate of renal interstitial fibrosis model, lower postoperative mortality and lower incidence of complications in animals as compared with the traditional UUO surgery. The improved UUO group showed statistically significant differences from the sham group in blood biochemical indexes such as urea nitrogen, glutamate aminotransferase, and albumin (P < 0.05). Results from hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining of the obstructed kidney revealed typical pathological features of renal interstitial fibrosis.

Percutaneous Sacroplasty for Painful Sacral Metastases Involving Multiple Sacral Vertebral Bodies: Initial Experience with an Interpedicular Approach

OBJECTIVE: To report our initial experience of percutaneous sacroplasty (PSP) with an interpedicular approach for treating painful sacral metastases involving multiple sacral vertebral bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study prospectively enrolled 10 consecutive patients (six men and four women; mean age, 56.3 ± 13.8 years) who underwent PSP for painful sacral metastases involving multiple sacral vertebral bodies from March 2017 to September 2018. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI) values, and the number of opioids prescribed to the patients were assessed before and after PSP. The procedure duration, length of hospitalization, and complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Mean VAS and ODI declined significantly from 6.90 ± 1.20 and 74.40 ± 5.48 before the procedure to 2.70 ± 1.34 and 29.60 ± 14.57 after the procedure, respectively (p < 0.01). The median number of opioids prescribed per patient decreased from 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-3) pre-procedure to 1 (IQR 0–3) post-procedure (p < 0.01). Nine of the 10 patients showed no or decreased opioid usage, and only 1 patient showed unchanged usage. The mean procedure duration was 48.5 ± 3.0 minutes. The average length of hospitalization was 4.7 ± 1.7 days. Extraosseous cement leakage occurred in three cases without causing any clinical complications. CONCLUSION: PSP with an interpedicular approach is a safe and effective treatment in patients with painful sacral metastases involving multiple sacral vertebral bodies and can relieve pain and improve mobility.

Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on 28-day mortality of patients with severe pneumonia / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on 28-day mortality of patients with severe pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of 214 severe pneumonia patients admitted to the department of emergency medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical parameters, such as gender, age, underlying diseases, and blood routine, procalcitonin (PCT), liver and kidney function, blood lactic acid (Lac), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) at admission or within 24 hours after admission were reviewed. NLR, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) were calculated, and the change tendency of each index within 3 days after admission were observed. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to 28-day outcomes. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the high risk factors of 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of NLR for 28-day mortality risk in patients with severe pneumonia. Results 214 patients were enrolled in the analysis, 132 survived in 28 days and 82 died. Compared with survival group, the white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), NLR, PCT, Lac and APACHEⅡ scores were significantly increased, and lymphocyte (LYM) was significantly decreased in the death group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, basic diseases, platelet count (PLT), liver and kidney function parameters, or PaO2/FiO2 between the two groups. The NLR, PCT, Lac and APACHEⅡ score in the death group were increased gradually within 3 days after admission, PaO2/FiO2 was decreased gradually, which showed significant differences as compared with survival group at 3 days after admission [NLR: 27.15±7.61 vs. 14.66±4.83, PCT (μg/L): 13.52±3.22 vs. 6.41±4.22, Lac (mmol/L): 6.78±1.70 vs. 2.74±1.15, APACHEⅡ score: 37.76±5.30 vs. 22.11±4.94, PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 114.12±20.16 vs. 186.49±13.95, all P < 0.05]. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that NLR [odds ratio (OR) = 1.163, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) =1.007-1.343, P = 0.040], PCT (OR = 1.210, 95%CI = 1.098-1.333, P = 0.001), Lac (OR = 1.263, 95%CI = 1.011-1.579, P = 0.040) and APACHEⅡ score (OR = 1.103, 95%CI = 1.032-1.179, P = 0.004) were the independent risk factors of 28-day mortality in the patients with severe pneumonia. ROC curve analysis showed that compared with the traditional indicators including PCT, Lac, and APACHEⅡ score, NLR showed a good predictive value for 28-day mortality in the patients with severe pneumonia [area under ROC curve (AUC): 0.791 vs. 0.707, 0.690, 0.720]. When the optimal cut-off value of NLR was 14.92, the sensitivity was 71.95% and the specificity was 73.48%, meanwhile, the positive likelihood ratio was 2.713 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.382. Conclusion The increased NLR at admission is a high risk factor of 28-day mortality in patients with severe pneumonia, which is useful for predicting prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia.

Application of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle in medical rescue / 医疗卫生装备

An introduction was first given to the advantages and application status of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the field of medical rescue. Then, the latest worldwide application and research status of multi-rotor UAV in this field were analyzed according to available research. On this basis, the application prospects of multi-rotor UAV in the scenarios of medical rescue field were assumed. Finally, it was pointed out that multi-rotor UAV would show more functions in medical rescue field owing to various technological development and breakthrough, signifying the bright deepening application prospect of multi-rotor UAV.

Transferring adenovirus vector-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein gene into rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: effectiveness and toxicity / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The recombinant adenovirus has certain toxic reactions to cell growth and survival, but the determination of the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) is not well documented. OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and toxicity of transfection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by adenovirus vectors with different MOIs, and to explore the effect on osteogenic capability of the cells. METHODS: BMSCs at passage 5 were infected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) via adenovirus vectors with different MOI (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250). Cell morphology and mortality rate were observed and calculated using trypan blue staining method at 24 hours after cell transfection. The transfection efficiency and the relative mRNA expression of EGFP and Runx2 were analyzed respectively by inverted florescent microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR at 48 hours after cell transfection. The activity of BMSCs transfected with different MOIs was evaluated by MTT, and the optimal MOI was determined thereafter. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the increase of MOI, BMSCs showed decreased adherent ability, and even some cells aged and died. The mortality rate of BMSCs transfected for 24 hours at a MOI of 0 to 250 was 5.80%, 6.67%, 7.95%, 7.76%, 10.35% and 11.18%, respectively, indicating that the mortality rate of BMSCs is positively correlated with the MOI. The transfection efficiency changed insignificantly when the MOI was greater than 100. On the contrary, the cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation capability of rabbit BMSCs were receded when the MOI level was up to 200-250. The study discovered that the suitable scope of MOI to transfect BMSCs is 50-150, and the optimal MOI is 100.

Photosensitive resin used for 3D printing and its application in dentistry / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Nowadays,digitalization has become a major trend in the field of dentistry.It is highly important to apply 3D printing technology with the material of photosensitive resin to orthodontics,prosthodontics and so on.OBJECTIVE:To review the composition of photosensitive resin for 3D printing and its main commercial series,and to discuss about applications and prospects of photosensitive resin in the field of dentistry.METHODS:Using "3D printing,digitalization,photosensitive resin,dentistry" as key words in English and Chinese,the authors seareched the database PubMed and CNKI,respectively,for articles addressing the development of 3D printing technology,classification and composition of photosensitive resin as well as the progress and application of photosensitive resin in the field of dentistry over the past 15 years (1991-2016).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Because of achieving the visualization of data,having advantages such as personalized design printing,fast small batch production,efficient and free molding manufacturing and being easy to manufacture complex modeling products,3D printing technology has been developed rapidly in various areas.Light-curing rapid prototyping technology (Stereo Lithigraphy Apparatus,SLA),based on photosensitive resin,is one of the most widely used technological processes of 3D printing.Photosensitive resin for 3D printing can be classified by composition and the main commercial series.At present,the development of photosensitive resin for 3D printing meets the demand of personalized design in the field of dentistry.It has been developed rapidly in orthodontics,prosthodontics,oral implantology,and oral internal medicine.It can be used in fixed denture,implanted surgical guide,base for removable denture and fused model manufacture.With the continuous expansion of the types of materials and improvement of material performance,digital dentistry will become a major trend in the future.

Bioinformatics analysis of microarray data to reveal the pathogenesis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

BACKGROUND: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the main cause of pediatric brain tumor death. This study was designed to identify key genes associated with DIPG. METHODS: The gene expression profile GSE50021, which consisted of 35 pediatric DIPG samples and 10 normal brain samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed by the DAVID tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and transcription factor (TF)-microRNA (miRNA)-target gene network were constructed using Cytoscape. Moreover, the expression levels of several genes were validated in human glioma cell line U251 and normal glia HEB cells through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A total of 378 DEGs were screened (74 up-regulated and 304 down-regulated genes). In the PPI network, GRM1, HTR2A, GRM7 and GRM2 had higher degrees. Besides, GRM1 and HTR2A were significantly enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, and calcium signaling pathway. In addition, TFAP2C was a significant down-regulated functional gene and hsa-miR-26b-5p had a higher degree in the TF-miRNA-target gene network. PCR analysis revealed that GRM7 and HTR2A were significantly downregulated while TFAP2C was upregulated in U251 cells compared with that in HEB cells (p < 0.001). GRM2 was not detected in cells. CONCLUSIONS: GRM1 and HTR2A might function in DIPG through the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and the calcium signaling pathway. Furthermore, the TFAP2C and hsa-miR-26b-5p might play important roles in the development and progression mechanisms of DIPG.

Effect of Notch signaling and autophagy on MTA induced differentiation of human dental pulp cells in vitro / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of Notch signaling and autophagy on mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) induced differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). @*Methods @#Third molars from healthy human were collected and hDPCs were isolated by a combined digestion of collagenase Ⅰ and dispaseⅡ. Real time PCR were used to test the mRNA expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and dentin sialophoprotein (DSPP) in MTA treated hDPCs in different time (24 h, 3 d and 7 d). The mineralization nodules formed by hDPCs with or without MTA treatment were detected by Von Kossa staining. Expressions of Notch1, Jagged1, Hes1, LC3Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰand p62 in wild type and MTA treated hDPCs were detected by western blotting.@*Results@#MTA extracted in a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL could promote the differentiation of hDPCs. Compared with that of wild type hDPCs, the expressions of Notch1, Hes1, or Jagged1 and p62 (P<0.01) in MTA treated hDPCs were significantly increased. MTA treatment showed inhibition effects on autophagy flux similar to Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. @*Conclusion@#MTA could promote hDPCs differentiation with highly relevant in stimulating Notch1-Jagged1-Hes1 signaling and inhibition of autophagy flux.

Protective effect and mechanism of compound Ginkgo biloba granules on oxidative stress injury of HUVEC / 中国中药杂志

To reveal the protective and anti-apoptosis effect of compound Ginkgo biloba granules on oxidative stress injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Negative control group, H2O2 model group and 4 drug pretreatment groups (80, 160, 320, 640 mg• L⁻¹) were established. The cell proliferation, morphological changes in each group after oxidative stress injury was detected by MTT assay and through microscope observation respectively. The content of LDH, MDA, SOD and NO and SOD activity in supernatant were detected to judge the protection effect of the drugs on endothelial cells. The protective effect on HUVEC apoptosis was analyzed by Caspase-3 activity test and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Western blot was used to observe the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax. Results showed that 1 200 μmol• L⁻¹ H2O2 can induce oxidative stress injury in endothelial cells and reduce the cell survival rate; cell proliferation inhibition degree is positively correlated with the effect time of H2O2. Besides, 80, 160, 320 640 mg•L⁻¹ compound Ginkgo biloba granules can protect HUVEC from oxidative stress injury, recover the normal proliferation level of cells, improve their state, prohibit cell apoptosis, and can up-regulate and down-regulate the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax respectively. In conclusion, compound G. biloba granules can protect HUVEC from the oxidative stress injury induced by H2O2, its mechanism may be correlated with inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in HUVEC.

Protection of Shenlian extracts to PM2.5 infected RAW 264.7 cell damage / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this research is to investigate the protection of PM2.5 infected RAW264.7 cell by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)--Shenlian(SL) extracts and to establish the damage model. We use cell growth, cell damage and oxidative stress related markers, and inflammatory cytokines as observation index to evaluate the protection of PM2.5 infected RAW264.7 by SL extract. The results showed that 50 mg x L(-1) PM2.5 could cause cell particle deposition, inhibit the growth of cells, and significantly increase the cell supernatant of LDH, NO release quantity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level during 4 h and 24 h. In the intervention of SL extract 50, 25, 10 mg x L(-1), the particle deposition of RAW264.7 cells, cell supernatant of LDH, NO, IL(-1) beta release, MCP-1 was significantly decreased, the SOD activity increased significantly. It shows that SL extracts of PM2.5 infected RAW264.7 cell damage has obvious protective effect, the effect may be related to the direct protection of cells, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory injury.

Chemical constituents from seeds of Helianthus annuus / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the seeds of Helianthus annuus. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, medium pressure column chromatography, and semi-preparative liquid chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Results: Sixteen compounds were identified as 3, 4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (1), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-propanone (2), 3-(hydroxyl-acetyl)-1H-indole (3), 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2, 3-dimethylchromone (4), ayapin (5), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), vanillic acid (7), ferulic acid (8), trans-caffeic acid (9), courmaric acid (10), nicotinic acid (11), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (12), indole-3-carboxylic acid (13), stigmasterol (14), β-sitosterol (15), and β-daucosterol (16). Conclusion: Compounds 1-3 are obtained from genus Helianthus L. for the first time, and compound 4 is obtained from this plant for the first time.

Screening of hepatotoxicity fraction of Genkwa Flos and study on UPLC fingerprint of hepatotoxicity fraction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To look for the active fraction of ethanol extract of Genkwa Flos (EGF) induced hepatotoxicity and develop an UPLC fingerprint of the active fraction.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Target fraction of EGF induced hepatotoxicity was guided by the serum biochemical and histopathology methods. The UPLC method was applied to establish the chromatographic fingerprint. The separation was achieved on a BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.7 microm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.05% phosphate acid running gradient elution. The detection was carried out at 210 nm and the analysis was finished within 10 min.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The chloroform phase of EGF could be responsible for the hepatotoxicity of this herb. The common mode of the UPLC fingerprint was set up under the established condition. There were 17 common peaks in fourteen batches of herbs, eight of which were identified, and the similar degrees of the fourteen batches to the common mode were between 0.890-0.999.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is easy to locate the chloroform extraction of EGF with hepatotoxicity. And the UPLC fingerprint was developed for the above fraction, which could provide valuable references for safe and effective clinical use of EGF.</p>

Effects of transplantation of adrenomedullin gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on cardiac function in rats with heart failure / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with adrenomedullin (ADM) on cardiac function in heart failure rats and the mechanism.Methods BMSCs were isolated from femur and tibia marrow of 10 rats,20 days old,body weight 30-50 g,and in vitro cultured.The third passage of BMSCs were tuansfected with adenovirus containing ADM and labeled with green fluorescent protein(GFP).Before transplantation,BMSCs were labeled with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).Eighty healthy male Wistar rats weighted 180-200 g were randomly divided into 2 groups according to body weight:control group (n =10) was injected with normal saline (NS); diffuse myocardial injury heart failure rat model(n =70) was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO,170 mg/kg) every day for 4 consecutive days.Four weeks after administration of ISO,heart function was assessed by echocardiography,the 39 rats with left ventricle ejection fraction(LVEF) ＜ 70％ of global heart failure model were randomly divided into three groups in accordance with the level of heart function:untransfected group,transfected group and NS group.DAPI labeled untransfected BMSCs suspension,ADM gene transfected BMSC suspensions (3 × 106/150 μl) and equal volume of NS were injected into the left ventricular anterior wall in 4 places in each goup.Control group received thoracotomy only.Four weeks after transplantation,rats were examined by ultrasound echocardiography,then were sacrificed and left ventricular were dissected.The myocardium was stained with Massons trichrome to analyze myocardial tissue fibrosis.The transplanted cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression of myocardial tissue was detected in each group by Western blotting.Results After in vitro culture for three days,the BMSCs began to grow adherently,tended to be fused about 10 days,in the fusiform shape.Four weeks after transplantation,ultrasound echocardiography results showed that rat cardiac left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVDs),LVEF,and left ventricular cardiac fractional shortening (LVFS) were different between groups,and the difference were statistically significant(F =5.838,32.983,51.714,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group[(86.50 ± 1.54)％,(50.66 ± 1.87)％],the LVEF and LVFS of NS groups[(56.67 ± 6.86)％,(26.27 ± 4.01)％],the transfected group[(79.40 ± 1.70)％,(43.48 ±2.15)％] and untransfected group[(69.24 ± 7.30)％,(34.59 ± 5.13)％] were significantly lower(all P ＜ 0.05);compared with the NS group,the LVEF and LVFS of the transfected groups and the untransfected group were significantly increased(all P ＜ 0.05) ; compared with the untransfected group,the LVEF and LVFS of the transfected group were increased (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group [(3.16 ± 0.22)mm],the LVDs of the NS group[(5.35 ± 1.57)mm] was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01); compared with the NS group,the LVDs of the transfected group and the untransfected group[(3.95 ± 0.55),(4.24 ± 0.92)mm] were significantly decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the control group,the transfected group and the untransfected group in LVDs (P ＞ 0.05).It can clearly be seen that there was GFP and DAPI labeled transplanted cells under a fluorescence microscope in the myocardial tissue transplanted area.There was significant difference in myocardial fibrosis area and the myocardial tissue protein expression of MMP-2 between groups(F =533.75,32.777,all P ＜ 0.01).The area ratio of the NS group[(15.200 ± 0.356)％,0.584 ± 0.013],the transfected group[(8.530 ± 0.573)％,0.386 ± 0.017] and the untransfected group [(10.670 ± 0.369)％,0.438 ± 0.015] and the MMP-2 protein expression were significantly higher than that of the control group[(1.070 ± 0.113)％,0.319 ±0.013,all P ＜ 0.01)]; compared with the NS group,the two index of the transfected group and the untransfected group were decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the untransfected group,the two index of the transfected group was decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Transplantation of ADM gene transfected BMSCs can improve heart function of rats with heart failure significantly and reduce myocardial fibrosis.

Estrogen receptor α and β expressions in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in rats exposed lactationally to soy isoflavones and bisphenol A / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>This paper aims to investigate the uterotrophic activities of lactational exposure to combination of soy isoflavones (SIF) and bisphenol A (BPA) and to examine estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expressions in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and uterus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Maternal rats that were breeding about 8 litters were randomly divided into four groups with seven dams in each group. Dams in different treatment groups received corn oil (control), 150 mg/kg BW of SIF, 150 mg/kg BW of BPA or combination of 150 mg/kg BW of SIF and 150 mg/kg BW of BPA, respectively, from postnatal day 5 to 11 (PND5-11) by gavage. On PND12 and PND70, 10 female litters were killed and hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus were collected. ERα and ERβ expressions in these organs were detected with Western blotting assay. And vaginal opening time and estrus cycle were examined in animals fed for PND70.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On PND12, the relative uterine weight of rats treated with ISF or BPA or their combination was significantly higher than that of untreated rats (P<0.05). But the relative uterine weight of rats in the co-exposure group was slightly lower than that in the group only exposed to SIF or BPA. On PND 70, however, the relative uterine weight in each treatment group was not statistically different from that in the control group (P>0.05). Vaginal opening time and estrus cycle in groups treated with SIF or BPA or their combination were similar to those in the control group (P>0.05). Exposure to SIF or BPA or their combination could up-regulate or down-regulate ERα and ERβ expressions in hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus on PND12 and PND70. These regulation patterns for ERα and ERβ were different in different organs at different time points.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lactational exposure to ISF or BPA or their combination could induce uterotrophic responses in neonate rats, which disappeared in later life. But these data fail to suggest a possibility for synergic actions between SIF and BPA. It was also demonstrated that the uterotrophic effects of SIF and BPA exposure might, at least, involve modification of ERα or ERβ expressions in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis.</p>

Effect of Insulin on D_5 Dopamine Receptor Expression and Function in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells / 中华高血压杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of insulin on D_5 dopamine receptor expression and function in renal proximal tubule (RPT).Methods Immortalized RPT cells and D_5 receptor transfected HEK293 (HEK-D_5) cells were used in the study to investigate the effect of insulin on D_5 receptor expression and function,and those effects were compared in RPT cells from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The function of D_5 receptor was determined by measurement of the Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity in HEK-D_5 cells. Results Insulin increased D_5 receptor protein expression in a concentration and time-dependent manner in WKY RPT cells,but not in SHR.The basal level of D_5 receptor expression was higher in WKY cells than that in SHR cells. Stimulation with fenoldopam(D_1-like dopamine receptor agonist) inhibited the Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity;pretreat- ment with insulin increased the inhibitory effect of fenoldopam on Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity in HEK-D_5 cells. Conclusion The abnormal regulation of insulin on D_5 receptor expression and function might be involved in the path- ogenesis of essential hypertension.

Correlation of caries activity test with the state of caries and gingiva / 实用口腔医学杂志

0.05). PLI was significantly correl ated with GI (P